Basic Concepts And Production Methods Of Steel

Steel is an alloy of iron, carbon and small amounts of other elements. Steel is made from steel ingots, billets or steel materials that are processed by pressure processing into the various shapes, sizes and properties we need. Steel is an important material necessary for national construction and the realization of the "four modernizations". It is widely used and comes in many varieties. According to the different cross-sectional shapes, they are generally divided into four categories: profiles, plates, pipes and metal products. In order to facilitate the organization of steel production and order supply operations, it is divided into heavy rail, light rail, large steel, medium steel, small steel, cold-formed steel, high-quality steel, wire rod, medium-thick steel plate, thin steel plate, electrical silicon steel sheet, strip steel, Seamed steel pipes, welded steel pipes, metal products and other varieties.

 

Steel is an alloy of iron, carbon and small amounts of other elements. Stainless steel or corrosion-resistant alloy steel with a chromium-gold content of more than 10.5% is the general term for this type of metal. It should be remembered that stainless steel does not mean that this steel will not rust or corrode, but that it is more resistant to corrosion than chromium-free alloys. In addition to chromium metal, other metal elements such as nickel, molybdenum, and vanadium can also be added to the alloy to change the properties of the alloy steel, thereby producing stainless steels of different grades and properties. Due to different application purposes and locations, careful selection of stainless steel cutting tools with the most suitable performance is essential to increase the efficiency and probability of success for a specific job. Advantages of different metal elements in tools. Simply put: Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. Other ingredients are what distinguish the properties of steel. The important steel materials are listed below in alphabetical order. They contain the following ingredients:

 

Carbon is present in all steels and is the most important hardening element. It helps increase the strength of steel. We generally want tool grade steel to have a carbon content above 0.5%, making it a high carbon steel.

 

Chromium - Adds wear resistance, hardness and, most importantly, corrosion resistance, more than 13% is considered stainless steel. Despite its name, all steel will rust if not properly maintained.

 

Manganese - An important element that helps create texture, increase hardness, strength and wear resistance. With the exception of A-2, L-6 and CPM 420V, most knife and scissor steels undergo deoxidation during heat treatment and coil pressing.

 

Molybdenum - A carburizing agent that prevents steel from becoming brittle and maintains its strength at high temperatures. It appears in many steels. Air-hardening steels (such as A-2, ATS-34) always contain 1% or more molybdenum, so they harden in air.

 

Nickle - Maintains strength, corrosion resistance and toughness. Appears in L-6\AUS-6 and AUS-8.

 

Silicon - Helps increase strength. Like manganese, silicon is used during the steel production process to maintain the strength of steel.

 

Tungsten (Tungsten) enhances wear resistance. Tungsten is mixed with appropriate proportions of chromium or manganese to create high-speed steel. High-speed steel M-2 contains a large amount of tungsten.

 

Vanadium - Enhances wear resistance and ductility. Vanadium carbides are used in the manufacture of striped steel. Vanadium is present in a variety of steels, among which M-2, Vascowear, CPM T440V and 420VA contain large amounts of vanadium. The biggest difference between BG-42 and ATS-34 is that the former contains vanadium.

The molten steel produced in the steelmaking furnace is cast into billets, and the steel ingots or billets are pressurized and processed into steel products (steel products). There are many types of steel, which can generally be divided into four categories: profiles, plates, pipes and wires.

 

1).Shaped steel

There are many types of section steel, which are solid long steel with certain cross-sectional shapes and sizes. According to the different cross-sectional shapes, they can be divided into simple cross-sections and complex cross-sections. The former includes round steel, square steel, flat steel, hexagonal steel and angle steel; the latter includes rails, I-beams, channel steels, window frame steels and special-shaped steels. Small round steel with a diameter of 6.5-9.0mm is called wire rod.

2).Steel plate

It is a flat steel with a large aspect ratio and large surface area. According to thickness, it is divided into three types: thin plate (thickness <4mm), medium plate (thickness 4-25mm) and thick plate (thickness >25mm). Steel strips are included in the steel plate category.

3).Steel pipe

Steel pipes are long pieces of steel with hollow sections. According to their cross-sectional shapes, they can be divided into round pipes, square pipes, hexagonal pipes and various special-shaped cross-section steel pipes. According to different processing techniques, it can be divided into two categories: seamless steel pipe and welded steel pipe.

4).Steel wire

Steel wire is another cold-processed product of wire rod. According to different shapes, it can be divided into round steel wire, flat steel wire and triangular steel wire. In addition to direct use, steel wire is also used in the production of steel wire ropes, steel wire lines and other products.

 

Wire: ordinary wire, high-altitude wire, steel bar

 

Profiles: I-beam, channel steel, angle steel, square steel, heavy rail, high-tech steel, H-beam, round steel, unequal angle steel, flat steel, light rail, gear steel

 

Hexagonal steel Heat-resistant steel bar Combined round steel Combined round steel Square tube Carbon steel bearing steel Carbon knotted round steel Stainless steel round steel Bearing round steel Rectangular tube Spring steel

 

Plate: medium thick plate, container plate, medium plate, carbon bonded plate, boiler plate, low alloy plate, checkered plate, cold plate, hot plate, cold rolled plate, hot rolled plate, galvanized plate, electro-galvanized plate, Electro-galvanized coil, manganese plate, stainless steel plate, silicon steel plate, color-coated plate, color-coated corrugated hot-rolled steel strip

 

Pipe materials: welded pipes, stainless steel pipes, hot-dip galvanized pipes, cold-dip galvanized pipes, seamless pipes, spiral pipes, hot-rolled seamless pipes

 

Metal materials: pig iron, tinplate, aluminum, lead, brass, tin, zinc

 

According to the shape, steel can be divided into four categories: profiles, plates, pipes and metal products.