CRGO Electrical Steel Hungary

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GNEE CRGO Steel

Grain oriented electrical steel is an important material in the production of energy efficient transformers and large, high performance generators. In the form of laminated, wound or punched sheets, it is the essential core material of distribution transformers, power transformers and small transformers.
Grain-oriented electrical steel usually has a silicon level of 3% of the crystal orientation relative to the sheet. It is used for the cores of power and distribution transformers, cold-rolled grain-oriented steel is often abbreviated to CRGO.

CRGO silicon steel coil

Core Loss: It is the electrical power lost in terms of heat within the core of electrical equipment, when cores are subjected to AC magnetising force. It is composed of several types of losses - Hystereses loss, eddy current loss within individual Laminations and inter-laminar losses that may arise if Laminations are not sufficiently insulated from each other.

Eddy Current Loss: This component of core loss is the energy lost by the circulating current induced in the metal by the variation of magnetic fields in the metal. Therefore, more uniform the magnetic field in the metal, lower the eddy current losses.

Hystereses Loss: The power expended in a magnetic material as a result of the lack of correspondence between the changes in induction resulting from the increase or decrease of magnetising force (which is a result of it being cyclic, i.e. alternating) (explained in detail later on in this paper).

Inter-laminar Loss: The power expended in a stacked or wound core as a result of weak insulation resistance between Laminations resulting in the flow of eddy current within a core, across Lamination sheets.

Surface Insulation Resistance: The resistance of a unit area of surface coating measured perpendicular to the surface usually expressed in ohm-Cm2 per Lamination. Surface insulation resistance is considered adequate if the inter-laminar loss is restricted to less than 2% of total core loss. In absolute values it should be greater than or equal to 10 ohms Cm2 and it is measured by the Franklin test method.

Saturation Induction: The maximum excess of induction possible in given material above that produced in a vacuum by a given magnetising force. It is numerically equal to the maximum induction expressed in gausses minus the magnetising force in Oersteds (B minus H).

Stacking factor: The proportion of steel that would be found when Lamination sheets are stacked on top of each other as compared to a solid steel section for the same volume. It varies between 95% to 97% for CRGO steel coils, however it reduces with fabrication if there are "burrs" developed. This is turn would increase the overall core loss of the electrical equipment. The balance percentage of stacking factor (3 to 5 %) is air!

Burrs: The residual steel on the edge of steel sheet where shearing or punching during fabrication has taken place, thereby increasing the thickness on the edge and reducing the stacking factor. Burrs can be reduced by accurate and precise fabrication and having cutting blades and tools well sharpened at all times. They can also be reduced by deburring and stress relief annealing.

Cold rolled electrical steel

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